Understanding & Answering Your Questions on Alzheimer’s Disease
Did you know that more than 6 million Americans, most aged 65 or older, are suffering from Alzheimer’s Disease? June is Alzheimer’s Awareness Month and we are taking some time to answer some of the most asked questions about the disease.
What causes Alzheimer’s?
The exact cause of Alzheimer’s disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits in the brain, including beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles, which interfere with the normal functioning of brain cells.
The 7 Stages of Alzheimer’s:
Alzheimer’s disease is often categorized into stages to describe the progression of symptoms and functional decline. While there are different staging systems used, one commonly referenced framework is the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) developed by Dr. Barry Reisberg. It outlines a seven-stage progression of Alzheimer’s disease:
- Stage 1: No Impairment
- In this stage, there are no apparent signs or symptoms of cognitive decline or memory problems. The individual functions normally, with no memory deficits or impairments in thinking and behavior.
- Stage 2: Very Mild Cognitive Decline
- At this stage, individuals may experience minor memory lapses, such as forgetting names or misplacing objects. These lapses may be attributed to normal age-related forgetfulness and can easily be overlooked or attributed to other factors.
- Stage 3: Mild Cognitive Decline (Early-stage)
- In this stage, mild cognitive changes become more noticeable. Individuals may have difficulty with concentration, forget familiar words or names, and experience challenges in performing complex tasks or organizing their thoughts. These changes may become evident to family members or close associates.
- Stage 4: Moderate Cognitive Decline (Mild or Early-stage Alzheimer’s)
- At this point, clear cognitive impairments and memory deficits become more apparent. Individuals may have difficulty with tasks that require problem-solving, remembering recent events or personal details, and managing finances or complex activities. They may also withdraw from social or work-related situations due to cognitive challenges.
- Stage 5: Moderately Severe Cognitive Decline (Moderate or Mid-stage Alzheimer’s)
- During this stage, individuals experience significant cognitive decline and require assistance with daily activities. They may have difficulty dressing appropriately, remembering personal details such as their address or phone number, and may experience confusion about time and place. Memory and cognitive deficits are more pronounced, and individuals may require support or supervision to maintain their daily routines.
- Stage 6: Severe Cognitive Decline (Moderately Severe or Mid-late-stage Alzheimer’s)
- At this stage, individuals require substantial assistance and supervision with daily activities. They may experience significant memory loss, have difficulty recognizing family members or close friends, and struggle with communication. Behavioral changes, personality alterations, and wandering tendencies may also be observed. Incontinence can develop during this stage.
- Stage 7: Very Severe Cognitive Decline (Severe or Late-stage Alzheimer’s)
- This final stage is characterized by severe cognitive impairment and a significant loss of physical functioning. Individuals may lose the ability to speak, recognize their surroundings, and require total assistance for all activities of daily living. They may also experience difficulties with swallowing, become bedridden, and be susceptible to infections.
The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease typically develop slowly and worsen over time. In the early stages, individuals may experience mild memory loss and difficulties with language, decision-making, and problem-solving. As the disease progresses, individuals may have trouble recognizing family members and friends, may become disoriented and confused in familiar environments, and may have difficulty with basic tasks such as dressing or eating.
Is there a cure for Alzheimer’s?:
While there is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, there are treatments available that can help manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life for individuals with the condition. These treatments include medications that temporarily alleviate cognitive symptoms and support services to assist with daily activities. Research is ongoing to better understand the disease and develop more effective treatments and prevention strategies.
At what age does Alzheimer’s begin?:
Alzheimer’s disease can begin at different ages depending on the type of the disease.
Early-Onset Alzheimer’s: This form of Alzheimer’s is relatively rare and typically affects individuals in their 30s, 40s, or 50s. Early-onset Alzheimer’s is often associated with specific gene mutations. These gene mutations are inherited and can directly cause the development of Alzheimer’s symptoms at an earlier age.
Late-Onset Alzheimer’s: This is the most common form of Alzheimer’s disease and typically occurs after the age of 65. The risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s increases with age and the majority of cases are diagnosed in individuals over 65. However, it’s important to note that late-onset Alzheimer’s can occasionally manifest in individuals in their 50s or early 60s as well.
While age is a significant risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s, it does not mean that everyone who reaches a certain age will develop the disease.
If you have concerns about memory problems or cognitive decline, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional who can assess your specific situation and provide appropriate guidance.
How long do Alzheimer’s patients live?:
The lifespan of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease can vary greatly, and it is difficult to predict with certainty how long a person will live after diagnosis. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive condition, and the rate of progression can vary from person to person.
On average, individuals with Alzheimer’s live for about 8 to 10 years after the initial diagnosis. However, some individuals may live for a shorter period, typically around 3 to 4 years, while others may live for much longer, sometimes up to 20 years or more.
Several factors can influence the life expectancy of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease such as the age of the individual at the time of diagnosis, the individual’s overall health such as the presence of other underlying health conditions, disease progression; the rate of disease progression can vary among individuals, and care and support. The availability of appropriate care and support can also impact life expectancy.
How does Alzheimer’s cause death?:
While Alzheimer’s itself is not directly fatal, it ultimately leads to complications that can contribute to a person’s death. Some of the common ways in which Alzheimer’s disease can cause or contribute to death: a decline in cognitive and physical function, increased vulnerability to infections, swallowing difficulties, falls and injury, and/or co-existing health conditions. These conditions can be worsened or complicated by Alzheimer’s, potentially contributing to an increased risk of mortality.
It’s important to note that each person’s experience with Alzheimer’s disease is unique, and the specific causes of death can vary. The management of Alzheimer’s disease focuses on providing supportive care, managing symptoms, and addressing complications to improve the quality of life for individuals with the condition. At Home Health Professionals we offer specialized Dementia and Alzheimer’s care programs inclusive of nursing, therapy, and much more. We come to you in the most convenient place possible: your home. Alleviate stress by letting Home Health Professionals take care of your loved ones at home.
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